Use of Estimates – The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s unaudited condensed financial statements are based on a number of significant estimates, including estimates of oil and natural gas reserve quantities, which are the basis for the calculation of depletion and impairment of oil and gas properties. Reserve estimates, by their nature, are inherently imprecise. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Changes in the future estimated oil and natural gas reserves or the estimated future cash flows attributable to the reserves that are utilized for impairment analysis could have a significant impact on the Company’s future results of operations.

Fair Value Measurements – Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) has established a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy consists of three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are the highest priority and consist of unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. Level 2 are inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 are unobservable inputs for an asset or liability.

Fair Values of Financial Instruments – The carrying amounts reported for the revolving line of credit approximate their fair value because the underlying instruments are at interest rates which approximate current market rates. The carrying amounts of accounts receivables and accounts payable and other current assets and liabilities approximate fair value because of the short-term maturities and/or liquid nature of these assets and liabilities.

Derivative Instruments and Commodity Risk Activities – The Company may periodically enter into derivative contracts to manage its exposure to commodity price risk. These derivative contracts, which are generally placed with major financial institutions, may take the form of forward contracts, futures contracts, swaps or options. The oil and gas reference prices upon which the commodity derivative contracts are based reflect various market indices that have a high degree of historical correlation with actual prices received by the Company for its oil and gas production.

Any gains or losses resulting from changes in fair value of outstanding derivative financial instruments and from the settlement of derivative financial instruments are recognized in earnings and included as a component of Other income (expense) in the Statements of Operations.

When applicable, the Company records all derivative instruments, other than those that meet the normal purchases and sales exception, on the Balance Sheets as either an asset or liability measured at fair value. Changes in fair value are recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met. The change in fair value resulted in the recognition of an unrealized gain of $12,160,246 for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and an unrealized loss of $1,320,393 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the change in fair value resulted in the recognition of an unrealized loss of $22,840,907 and an unrealized loss of $48,508,755, respectively, on derivative contracts. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company had realized losses of $19,617,265 and $33,732,766, respectively, on derivatives. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company had realized losses of $12,436,333 and $18,357,124, respectively, on derivatives including $581,424 in March 2021 from unwinding the Company’s remaining gas swaps for 2021 and 2022.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Major Customers – The Company had $1,765,827 of cash on deposit in excess of federally insured limits at June 30, 2022 and $1,936,805 of cash in excess of federally insured limits at December 31, 2021. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, sales to three customers represented 70%, 15% and 4%, respectively, of the Company’s oil and gas revenues. At June 30, 2022, these three customers made up 70%, 14% and 4%, respectively, of the Company’s accounts receivable.

Approximately 97% of the Company’s accounts receivables and joint interest billing receivables are from purchasers of oil and gas. Oil and gas sales are generally unsecured. The Company also has joint interest billing receivables which are collateralized by the pro rata revenue attributable to the joint interest holders and further by the interest itself. Accounts receivable from joint interest owners or purchasers outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due.The Company has not had any significant credit losses in the past and believes its accounts and joint interest billing receivables are collectable. Accordingly, no material allowance for credit losses has been provided at June 30, 2022.

Oil and Gas Properties – The Company uses the full cost method of accounting for oil and gas properties. Under this method, all costs associated with the acquisition, leasing, exploration and development of oil and gas reserves are capitalized. Costs capitalized include acquisition costs, estimated future costs of abandonment and site restoration, geological and geophysical expenditures, lease rentals on undeveloped properties and costs of drilling and equipping productive wells and drilling costs for non-productive wells. Drilling costs include directly related overhead costs. Capitalized costs are generally categorized either as being subject to amortization or not subject to amortization. All of the Company’s capitalized costs are subject to amortization.

All capitalized costs of oil and gas properties, plus estimated future costs to develop proved reserves, are amortized on the unit-of-production method using estimates of proved reserves as determined by the Company’s independent petroleum engineers. The Company evaluates oil and gas properties for impairment quarterly. The Company did not incur a write down of oil and natural gas properties as a result of the ceiling test for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 or for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021. Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $10,749,204 and $20,530,491, respectively, based on depletion at the rate of $12.51 and $12.28, respectively, per barrel of oil equivalent compared to $9,275,126 and $17,383,284, respectively, based on depletion at the rate of $11.58 and $11.42 per barrel of oil equivalent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021. These amounts include $119,417 and $276,087, respectively, of depreciation and amortization for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $94,890 and $155,860, respectively, of depreciation and amortization for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.

Equipment, Vehicles and Leasehold Improvements – Office equipment is valued at historical cost adjusted for impairment loss less accumulated depreciation. Historical costs include all direct costs associated with the acquisition of office equipment and placing such equipment in service. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method based upon an estimated useful life of 3 to 10 years.

Asset Retirement Obligation – The Company records a liability in the period in which an asset retirement obligation (“ARO”) is incurred, in an amount equal to the discounted estimated fair value of the obligation that is capitalized. Thereafter, this liability is accreted up to the final estimated retirement cost. An ARO is a future expenditure related to the disposal or other retirement of certain assets. The Company’s ARO relates to future plugging and abandonment expenses of its oil and natural gas properties and related facilities disposal.

Share-Based Employee Compensation – The Company has outstanding stock option grants and restricted stock awards to directors, officers and employees, which are described more fully in Note 11. The Company recognizes the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award and recognizes the related compensation expense over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award, which is generally the vesting period.

Share-Based Compensation to Non-Employees – The Company accounts for share-based compensation issued to non-employees as either the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The measurement date for these issuances is the earlier of (i) the date at which a commitment for performance by the recipient to earn the equity instruments is reached or (ii) the date at which the recipient’s performance is complete.

Income Taxes – Provisions for income taxes are based on taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred taxes. Deferred taxes are based on differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, and tax carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are included in the financial statements at currently enacted income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes.

Since December 31, 2020, the Company has determined that a full valuation allowance is necessary due to the Company assessment that it is more likely than not that it will be unable to obtain the benefits of its deferred tax assets due to the Company’s history of taxable losses. During the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company determined that certain existing deferred tax assets will not be offset by existing deferred tax liabilities as a result of the 80% limitation on the utilization net operating losses incurred after 2017. Accordingly, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded federal income tax expense of $1,014,048. The Company recorded state deferred income tax expense of $536,913 during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and $190,644 for the six months

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements – In December 2019, the FASB released Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2019-12 (“ASU 2019-12”), “Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes,” which removes certain exceptions for recognizing deferred taxes for investments, performing intraperiod allocation and calculating income taxes in interim periods. The ASU also adds guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas, including recognizing deferred taxes for tax goodwill and allocating taxes to members of a consolidated group. The amended standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020.The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact to the Company’s financial statements or disclosures.

In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-10, “Codification Improvements” (“ASU 2020-10”), which clarifies or improves disclosure requirements for various topics to align with SEC regulations. This update was effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2021 and was applied retrospectively. The adoption and implementation of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, “Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40)” (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 was issued to reduce the complexity associated with accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. The guidance may be applied using either a modified retrospective or a fully retrospective method. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 effective January 1, 2022. The adoption and implementation of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements - In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” (“ASU 2020-04”), which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another rate that is expected to be discontinued. ASU 2020-04 will be in effect through December 31, 2022. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope (“ASU 2021-01”), to provide clarifying guidance regarding the scope of Topic 848. ASU 2020-04 was issued to provide optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting this new guidance.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, “Business Combinations (Topic 805) - Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2021-08”). This update requires the acquirer in a business combination to record contract asset and liabilities following Topic 606 - “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” at acquisition as if it had originated the contract, rather than at fair value. This update is effective for public business entities beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company continues to evaluate the provisions of this update, but it does not believe the adoption will have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.

Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share – Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if all contracts to issue common stock were converted into common stock, except for those that are anti-dilutive. The dilutive effect of stock options and other share-based compensation is calculated using the treasury method.